“Rights” in a “Might” System: The United Nations’ Approach To Self-Determination in the Case of the Indigenous People Of Biafra (IPOB)

Abstract

This article titled "Rights in a 'Might' System: The United Nations Approach to Self-Determination in the Case of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB)" examines the role of the United Nations in addressing self-determination movements, particularly focusing on the IPOB's agitation for independence from Nigeria. The study adopts a qualitative research method, utilising a descriptive design to explore the complex interplay between international law, state sovereignty, and human rights. The research relies on a documentary method for data collection and employs content analysis to systematically examine the subject matter through predefined themes. The study reveals a significant disconnect between international principles of self-determination and the Nigerian government's rigid stance on sovereignty. The United Nations, while generally supportive of self-determination, has remained indifferent to IPOB’s call for a UN-supervised referendum. This inaction, rooted in the interests of powerful member states on the UN, has emboldened the Nigerian government to continue its repressive tactics against IPOB, resulting in human rights violations, mass atrocities, etc. The study also highlights how economic and geopolitical interests, particularly of key UN member states such as the U.S. and China, have led to the international community's reluctance to intervene in the IPOB situation.