Revising traditional governance: The role of trust in traditional institutions in building social cohesion

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between trust in traditional institutions and social cohesion, with particular emphasis on the mediating role of perceived fairness within the context of Ilorin Emirate, Nigeria. Drawing on Social Capital Theory and Procedural Justice Theory, the study conceptualized trust in traditional institutions as a key driver of community-level outcomes, operating both directly and indirectly through fairness perceptions. A quantitative research design was adopted using a cross-sectional survey approach. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to residents across Ilorin West, Ilorin East, and Ilorin South Local Government Areas. A total of 328 valid responses were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The findings revealed that trust in traditional institutions has a significant positive effect on social cohesion and perceived fairness, suggesting that trusted institutions are more likely to be viewed as impartial and equitable. Perceived fairness was also found to have a significant positive effect on social cohesion, underscoring its role in fostering social stability and reducing conflict. The study contributes practical insights for enhancing inclusive and legitimate traditional governance systems to strengthen social cohesion in developing contexts.